Herb endozoochory by cockatoos: Is ‘foliage the fruit’?

Lichen Endozoochory by Snails

Endozoochory plays a prominent role for the dispersal of seed plants. However, for most other plant taxa it is not known whether this mode of dispersal occurs at all. Among those other taxa, lichens as symbiotic associations of algae and fungi are peculiar as their successful dispersal requires movement of propagules that leaves the symbiosis functional. However, the potential for endozoochorou...

Bending/unbending of pliant tools by cockatoos

Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9. figshare.c.3850918. & 2017 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Can hook-bending be let off the hook? Bending/u...

Endozoochory by slugs can increase bryophyte establishment and species richness

Herbivory can aff ect plant community composition and diversity by removing biomass and reducing light competition. Herbivory may particularly benefi t low growing species such as bryophytes, which are frequently limited by light competition. Gastropods are important herbivores of seed plants and cryptogams, furthermore, they can disperse propagules such as seeds and spores via endozoochory. Ho...

Evaluation of Herb–Drug Interactions of Hovenia dulcis Fruit Extracts

BACKGROUND Hovenia dulcis (Rhamnaceae) fruits are popularly used as herbal medicines or dietary supplements in Asian countries due to functions such as liver protection and detoxification from alcohol poisoning. Accordingly, it is very likely for dietary supplemental products, including H. dulcis fruit extracts, to be taken with prescription drugs. OBJECTIVE In this study, possible food-drug ...

Living with Cockatoos